Bacterial genome geometry

Find the turn
in every genome.

An interactive atlas of cumulative G−C skew diagrams for circular bacterial chromosomes in NCBI RefSeq.

Use a species name, strain, or a RefSeq assembly accession. Only complete RefSeq genomes with a circular primary chromosome are plotted.

Try a landmark genome

Cumulative GC skew

Escherichia coli K-12

Ready to explore

Choose a RefSeq genome to draw its skew diagram.

Genome position G adds 1 · C subtracts 1 · A/T leave the sum unchanged

The signal

A simple walk across a circular chromosome.

Starting at zero, the line rises for every guanine (G) and falls for every cytosine (C). The resulting cumulative curve often switches direction near replication landmarks.

Each diagram is calculated locally in your browser from the selected RefSeq circular chromosome record. Plasmids are excluded. Peaks and troughs are descriptive signals—not definitive origin calls.